A fixed asset is a long-term, tangible asset that a company owns and uses in its daily operations to generate income. Also known as Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E), these resources are not meant for immediate sale and have a useful life extending beyond one year. Accounting & ManagementCapitalization: Instead of being expensed all at once, their high upfront costs are recorded as assets and spread out over their lifespan.Depreciation: Except for land, fixed assets lose value over time due to wear and tear. This gradual decrease in value is recorded on the balance sheet as accumulated depreciation.Tracking: Companies often use a dedicated fixed asset register or specialized asset management software to track maintenance, location, and depreciation.For further details on asset classes and financial planning, you can explore guides on financial management from resources like Investopedia's Fixed Assets Guide or NetSuite's Accounting Resources.  The software packager we will be making is called "MixedAssets" and will be an accounting software used to manage assets and depreciation.  The software will be designed as an SPA using node.js, express, vue.js, vuetify, charts.js, and sqlite with models/schema (Database config can be set via env variables or in web ui).  The app should have a configuration screen to allow the user to setup things like the database server, database name, database user, database password, server fqdn, allowed domians for cors, etc. Use any additional modules you feel best meet the needs for things like reporting, workflow, ui/ux enhancement, etc.  The UI/UX should be briliantly designed in Vue.js using modern ux design approaches and following googles material design guidelines and best practices. MixedAssets makes financial reporting more timely and accurate by automating fixed-asset depreciation and lease accounting. Develop a comprehensive list of existing assets, including relevant data like acquisition cost, in-service date, estimated useful life and more, and track lease agreement details like contract value, duration and discount rate. MixedAssets is a cloud-based asset management and depreciation tool.   

The UI/UX is equally as important as the functionality.  MixedAssets is a FIXED ASSET MANAGEMENT AND DEPRECIATION SOLUTION FOR SMALL AND MID-SIZED BUSINESSES AND ORGANIZATIONS WHO WANT TO GAIN CONTROL OVER THEIR FIXED ASSET DATA, GENERATE REPORTS WHEN NEEDED, AND MANAGE THE FIXED ASSET LIFECYCLE. The features required are below


ENSURE app is crafted using the latest Fluent UI, ensuring seamless functionality across all devices.

1. Multi-User (Secure Multi-User Role Based Access / Teams(Groups))
2. No limits to the number of assets or entities. (Maintains an unlimited entities/companies.)
3. Two-way data portability with import and export. (JSON/CSV/XLS/XML)
4. Ability for use to create Templates to help with data entry. (Custom Forms/Create asset templates for entering common type of assets. Simplifies data entry and reduces errors.)
5. reporting for management, accounting, purchase/sales, taxes and controlling insurance premiums and exposure. MixedAssets automatically applies depreciation rules and calculates depreciation throughout the lifecycle of an asset.
6. Share data between team members. Multiple users can work with the same data at the same time.
7. Mass Edit lets you edit groups of assets all at once. You can do mass disposals or mass changes to Service Date, Depreciation Method, Useful Life , Convention or more.

68 Tax and Accounting Depreciation Methods including:
1. 36 MACRS methods including regular MACRS, alternative MACRS and straight-line MACRS.
2. 24 ACRS methods including alternative ACRS and straight-line ACRS.
3. 6 GAAP methods including straight-line, sum of years digits and 4 declining balance methods.
4. Bonus Depreciation, Section 179 Expensing, Auto and Truck Limits, IRS Tables option.
5. Half-Year, Mid-Quarter, Mid-Month and Full-Month Conventions for first and last years.
6. Amortization and manual entry of depreciation is available.
7. Simultaneously maintains up to 6 sets of books including GAAP/Financial, Federal Tax, State Tax, Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), Adjusted Current Earnings (ACE) and a user-defined book.
8. Enter each asset only once and it automatically updates all active books.
9. In each set of books, an asset can have a different cost, depreciation method, useful life, business use percentage, investment use percentage, section 179 amount, and convention.
10. Keep it simple and enable only the GAAP/Financial book when tax and other depreciation calculations are not required.
11. Calculates for calendar and fiscal years, full years and short years.
12. Conventions are set automatically for the year of calculation but allows forced or manual convention selections and enforces mid-quarter rule for each year when 40% or more of fixed assets are placed into service in the 4th quarter.
13. Projection function calculates depreciation for any future year to assist with budgeting, estimating future depreciation and calculating the effects of future capital expenditures.
14. Allows negative “contra” assets to account for refunds and credits received after the Service Date.
15. Easy reference to IRS asset lives table.
16. Select formulas or IRS rate tables for each MACRS asset.
17. Apply business use and investment percentages.
18. Keeps two(user definable) years open at one time for year-end and new-year calculations.
19. Calculates depreciation for the year in which asset is disposed.
20. Automatically applies tax limits to luxury automobiles & listed property.
21. Option to apply automobile limits in State and User-Defined books.
22. Default methods and lives are automatically applied in State and User-Defined books.
23. Option to use Code Sec. 179 tax rules in State and User-Defined books.
24. Choice to use Corporate Earnings and Profit Rules for Code Sec. 179 in State and User-Defined books.
COMPLETE ACCOUNTING AND TAX INFO FOR EACH ASSET
25. Asset ID is user-assigned. You can use IDs from your previous system (up to 10 characters, alpha numeric). Fixed Asset Pro automatically increments and suggests the next ID when you add an asset.
26. Detailed asset description (50 characters).
27. Acquired Date determines when an asset first appears on the books.
28. In-Service Date determines when depreciation starts.
29. Track CIP (Construction-In-Progress) projects. Store invoices for each project. When completed, place the project into service as one or more fixed assets.
30. Assign a Group, Location and Department to each asset.
31. Assign GL account codes for fixed assets, depreciation expense and accumulated depreciation to drive journal entries.
32. Vendor name and serial number for section 179 record-keeping compliance.
33. Invoice number
34. custom user-defined fields (text, date, bool and numeric value)
35. New or used designation for certain tax calculations.
36. Depreciation method easily selected from the list of available methods.
37. Convention (half-year, mid-quarter or mid-month) rules are applied automatically.
38. Tax Class (MACRS, ACRS and other).
39. Useful life of the asset.
40. Original cost of the asset and prior depreciation taken.
41. Salvage value of the asset.
42. Land value for non-depreciable land assets.
43. Section 179 deductions taken.
44. Bonus deprecation option.
45. Disposal date, sales price and sale expense are used to automatically calculate the gain or loss on disposal.
46. Partial disposals
47. Tax disposal type (e.g., sale, exchange involuntary conversion, etc.), property type (1245 tangible, 1250 real, other) and time asset was held determine disposal classification on Tax form 4797 report.
48. Listed property option to apply federal tax limits to luxury automobiles, trucks/vans and SUVs over 6000lbs.
49. Asset adjustments for impairment or other write-downs.
50. Personal property type (machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, small tools and supplies, real estate, leased property, exempt property, and add new categories).
51. Option to use tax rate tables or formulas for depreciation calculations.
52. Business use percentage and investment use percentage.
53. AMT type and ACE type.
54. Verify data routine validates your data and settings according to all the built-in business rules.
55. Store asset control data including tag number, inventory number, control number, barcode value, custodian, physical location, and condition to help with physical inventories.
56. Warranty info includes up to 5 warranties /service agreements per asset, so the info is at your fingertips when you need it. Includes start date, expiration date, warranty limit and units (e.g., miles), actual usage, provider, telephone, coverage details and warranty documents.
57. File Cabinet lets you store files with each asset and easily retrieve them (stored in database base64 encoded). Keep invoices, maintenance records, pictures for insurance, user’s manuals, etc.
58. Keep multiple pages of notes for each asset as needed.
59. Extensive Tasks system helps you keep track of important activities that need to be completed for each asset or CIP project.
REPORTING
60. Standard Reports. Includes a library of built-in reports for accounting and tax depreciation, acquisitions, disposals, journal entries and others. See below for a complete list. Flexible report options let you select the book, year, month, preparer, sorting and subtotal options, filters and more. You can save all reports to Excel, DOC and PDF
61. Report Builder. Create custom reports using the report designer. You have access to all fields in the database.

OTHER 
62. Import, transfer, and duplicate assets with ease and create groups for efficient asset reporting
63. Store images of assets and vital documentation for each asset
TRACKING ASSETS
64. Tracking makes keeping track of the items you use in your organization much easier. With automated inventory functionality and built-in reconciliation, never lose track of your assets again.
65. Print asset barcode from depreciation module
66. Check in and check out assets to your employees (Workday Integration here would be super cool)
67. Changes to the tracking module are automatically written to the depreciation module, eliminating double-entry and errors

FEATURES WE SELL
1. Stay compliant with IRS regulations with our annual federal tax compliance updates. (We will provide a json dump and use the template system created earlier)
2. Asset tracking ensures complete visibility and control over every asset, providing real-time insight into location, status, ownership, and utilization across your organization. Find any asset in few clicks.
3. Keep software assets organized and easily monitored. Gain clear visibility into license usage, renewal dates, and overall software utilization, helping your team stay compliant and efficient.
4. Manage the entire lifecycle of your assets—from procurement and allocation to maintenance, renewal, and retirement. Automate workflows to ensure a smooth process and prevent important steps from being overlooked.
5. Assign assets to specific employees, departments, or locations (workday integration here would be cool) and maintain full traceability to avoid misplacements. Ensure assets are always accounted for and properly managed.
6. Track every asset’s lifecycle stage from purchase to disposal. Manage repairs, renewals, and upgrades to maintain optimal condition.
7. Track all asset activities with detailed audit logs. Ensure transparency, accountability, and compliance.
8. Generate clear reports on asset usage and performance. Optimize resources and make informed decisions.
9. Organize assets by category, location, or status for a clear view. Enhance visibility and streamline asset management.
10. Develop an accurate listing of depreciating and non-depreciating fixed assets, and maintain detailed records over the entire asset lifecycle. Assign and track assets by region, facility, department or other reporting segment. Transfer assets from one subsidiary or business unit to another while retaining the complete history without manually reentering data.
11. automatically calculates depreciation expenses using standard or custom methods and schedules and lets finance teams choose how and when to apply depreciation. With usage-based methods, for instance, MixedAssets gives you the option to not depreciate an asset during seasonal downtime, when equipment is offline.
12. Lease Accounting: Standardize lease accounting and ensure compliance with financial reporting requirements. Capture key lease details, including start and stop dates, total cost and discount rate, and amortize lease expense over the duration of each agreement.
13. Produce accurate financial statements that meet tax and accounting requirements, generate standard fixed-asset reports or leverage SuiteAnalytics to slice and dice asset data by location, subsidiary or other criteria.
14. Flexible Depreciation. Use built-in templates or develop custom depreciation scenarios with user-defined schedules.
15. Simplified Compliance. Automate lease payments, expense amortization and reporting, easing compliance with lease accounting standards.
16. Financial Savings. Identify “ghost assets” and stop paying to ensure equipment that is no longer in service.
17. Comprehensive Reporting. Get detailed analysis of cost, depreciation, lease expense and related data across virtually any operational domain.
18. Depreciation rules are applied consistently, on the correct schedule, using the appropriate model — all the time, for every asset.
19. Barcode scanning/printing, alerts, audit history, and powerful reports included
20. supports team collaboration right out of the box. Every user can have their own level of access, so your system works the way your organization does.
21. View your assets with our predefined reports that include statements about your assets, incorporating factors such as their status, depreciation, maintenance, check-out times, and more. Alleviate your workload with fully customizable reports to fit your needs. Save your reports and reuse or revamp them to get the most out of your data.
22. no downloads, no installations, and no servers to manage. Just log in from any browser to access your asset data anytime, anywhere. 
23. simple for you to set reminders and alarms for assets that require regular maintenance, assets that are past due, contracts and licenses that are about to expire, and a multitude of other helpful features. Avoid risks and handle problems before they have a chance to impact your network, and never miss a deadline by enabling our customizable email alerts.
24. mobile barcode scanning/printing function. Instantly update an asset in the field by scanning its barcode and entering the necessary information.
25. Safeguard your assets by getting them into a scheduled maintenance program. MixedAssets gives you the ability to establish a routine based on your schedule and your assets' needs. Monitor your assets' maintenance through the various reports that look at asset tags, people, and maintenance history.
26. Watch your assets travel through your company every step of the way including all the people that come in contact with them. Every interaction will be recorded in the appropriate asset's Events tab. Get comprehensive Check-Out Reports that analyze employees, asset tags, due dates, and assets that are past due at any time.
27. Use our software to keep tabs on your assets. Make a detailed log of equipment check-out, create an unlimited number of custom fields, and download our Excel template. Upload it to start managing your assets in minutes.
28. We provide you with the perfect platform to keep your contracts and licenses in the same place, organized in a way that works for you. We'll let you know when a contract or license is about to expire so you can update it in a timely manner. You can even set up email alerts to stay informed about your account at all times.
29. View predefined reports which include statements about your assets to help clean up your workload. Add information about status, depreciation, maintenance, check-out times, and more. Save and reuse an unlimited number of custom reports to get the most out of your data.
30. Use your smartphone or tablet to scan barcodes, take pictures, tag assets, and even establish parent-child relationships. Easily add and edit any asset you need, in your home, office, or warehouse.
31. Set reminders and alarms for assets that require regular maintenance, assets that are past due, contracts and licenses that are about to expire, and many other features. 
32. Add as many users as you need for your accounts. Make your system as broad, or as narrow, as you need. Each user has a unique level of access ranging from a limited viewer to full administrator. Our system is a convenient solution for everyone in your organization.
33. Reserve your assets in advance to inform who needs them and when. Have them easily checked out to a person or a place. Helps you know exactly where your assets are when they are due back. Check them back in so others see they are now available and ready to check out.
34. Track your business operations in real time with MixedAsset's compliance management system. Whether you’re managing physical assets or electronic records, you can easily monitor your compliance, assign tasks, and track audit progress in our highly configurable platform. Plus, create custom automated alerts to notify you of recently completed tasks, incidents, or upcoming audit dates to ensure you stay on track.
35. compliance management software helps you customize and standardize your processes accordingly. Enforce your workflows with required fields like signature capture and notes or photos. 
36. Maintain detailed asset records with full lifecycle history, warranty information, and relevant attachments, such as user and safety manuals. Our compliance management system even allows you to track individual employees’ training progress to further boost safety and efficiency.
37. Empower your team to conduct audits and inspections even faster using our mobile app with built-in barcode technology. Generate and print your own unique barcode labels and instantly update asset records by scanning barcodes with your mobile device’s camera. With barcode asset tracking, your team will not only save time but also improve data accuracy.
38. centralized compliance management software. With the ability to customize your naming conventions and workflows, you can easily track different asset types, unlimited workflows, and an up-to-date employee directory (workday integration) in one cohesive place.

 Standard Reports:
	Monthly depreciation expense (one month at time)
	12-Month depreciation expense (all months in the selected year)
	Journal entry: monthly depreciation
	Quarterly depreciation expense
	Annual acquisitions
	Journal entry: acquisitions
	Annual disposals and gain/loss
	Journal entry: disposals and gain/loss
	Annual and year-to-date depreciation expense
	Net book value as of any month or year
	Annual rollforward
	Annual adjustments
	Lifetime depreciation
	Projection
	Construction-in-progress
	Fixed asset card (detail on individual fixed asset records)
	Federal tax form 4562 report (Depreciation and Amortization)
	Federal tax form 4797 report (Sales of Business Property)
	AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax)
	Personal property tax
	UBIA for Section 199A limitation for pass-through entities
	ACE (Adjusted Current Earnings)

MUST include a template driven (json) system for improvements and updates for any changes to the federal, state, or local depreciation laws.

RESOURCES FOR TAX LAWS YOU DO NOT KNOW
https://www.irs.gov/publications/p946
https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc704
https://www.irs.gov/publications/p534
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-527
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-463
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-587
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-225
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-946
https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-527
https://www.irs.gov/faqs/sale-or-trade-of-business-depreciation-rentals/depreciation-recapture/depreciation-recapture-4
https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/new-irs-de-minimis-rule-deducting-business-property.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpDZOf5X0z8&autoplay=1&rel=0
https://www.netsuite.com/blog/overcoming-the-challenges-of-fixed-asset-accounting
https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/business-strategy/industrial-machinery-trends.shtml


Primary Depreciation Methods1. 100% Bonus Depreciation (IRC Section 168(k))Instant Write-Off: The One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB) Act permanently restored 100% bonus depreciation.Eligibility: Applies to qualified property (machinery, equipment, computers, vehicles) acquired and placed in service after January 19, 2025.Nuance: Property acquired before this date but placed in service during 2025 is constrained by the older phase-down rate of 40%.Impact: Allows businesses to generate a net operating loss for the tax year if the deduction exceeds business income.2. Section 179 ExpensingDollar Limit: Businesses can choose to immediately expense up to $2,500,000 of the cost of qualifying equipment and software.Phase-Out Cap: The deduction begins to reduce dollar-for-dollar once total equipment purchases for the tax year exceed $4,000,000.Income Limit: Section 179 cannot exceed your total taxable business income for the year (it cannot create a financial loss).3. Standard MACRS DepreciationFramework: If a business elects out of immediate expensing, it must use the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS).Timelines: Costs are spread out evenly over rigid "class lives" designated by the IRS (e.g., 5 years for computers, 7 years for office furniture, and 27.5 years for residential rental buildings).4. The De Minimis Safe Harbor RuleExpense Threshold: Under the IRS De Minimis Safe Harbor Guidance, small purchases under $2,500 per invoice do not need to be depreciated at all.Simplification: They can be completely written off as standard operating supplies in the year of purchase.

Here is some some sample reports you can reference
https://moneysoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/FAP-Sample-Report.pdf

Fixed assets Guidebook for more knowledge
https://finance.charlotte.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/347/2023/05/Fixed_Assets_Guidebook.pdf